Heavy Lift Challenge Lesson 9 - Inspections

Inspections of Air Vehicles (AV)

Objective

To understand the importance of inspections for air vehicles, including pre-flight and post-flight procedures, ensuring compliance with FAA regulations and safe operational practices.

Overview

Inspections are critical for the safe operation of air vehicles, whether they are commercial airliners or small tactical UAS. This lesson covers the inspection process, emphasizing the need for thorough evaluations before and after flights.

1. Introduction to Inspections

• Definition: Inspections involve a formal examination and evaluation of the AV and its supporting equipment.
• Purpose: To ensure AVs are functioning, maintained, and operated within FAA regulations.
• Importance: All relevant information must be gathered before and after flight to ensure safety.

2. Pre-Flight Inspection

A. Importance

• Safety Assurance: Ensures all conditions are favorable for safe flight operations.
• Key Principle: In flight, only takeoff is optional; landing is mandatory.

B. Pre-Flight Checklist Criteria

1. Preparation Before Departure
   • Verify all necessary equipment (AV, transmitters, tools, batteries).
   • Conduct a pre-departure equipment check to avoid extra trips.
2. Arrival at Flight Area
   • Develop a standardized setup method.
   • Assess environmental conditions (weather, wind direction, temperature).
3. Weather Assessment
   • Log weather conditions that affect AV performance.
   • Ensure conditions are within manufacturer specifications.
4. Battery Installation
   • Record fuel load/battery voltage and estimated flight duration.
   • Set a timer for 80% of the maximum estimated flight time.
5. Internal Inspection
   • Check all internal components (fuel connections, electrical systems).
   • Ensure no Foreign Object Debris (FOD) is present.
6. External Walk-Around
   • Conduct a thorough inspection in a clockwise manner.
   • Check for cracks, secure mounting, and overall integrity.

C. Pre-Flight Checklist Example

Pre-Flight Checklist

Prior to Leaving for the Field:

• [ ] Verify aircraft and transmitter batteries are fully charged.
• [ ] Ensure sufficient extra batteries and spare props are available.
• [ ] Arrange for instruction by a qualified instructor (if applicable).

Internal Air Vehicle Inspection (At Field):

• [ ] Check servo mounts, screws, and servos for security.
• [ ] Verify receiver and battery connections.
• [ ] Inspect avionics for secure mounting.

External Air Vehicle Inspection:

• [ ] Check wings for breaks and general integrity.
• [ ] Inspect propellers for nicks and secure fastening.
• [ ] Ensure landing gear is aligned and operational.

3. Post-Flight Inspections

A. Purpose

• Conducted after each flight to assess any damage and determine necessary maintenance.

B. Procedure

• Similar to pre-flight, start from a designated point and inspect in a clockwise manner.
• Pay special attention to landing gear and propellers.

C. Post-Flight Checklist Example

Post-Flight Checklist

Immediately After Recovery:

• [ ] Record recovery time.
• [ ] Log battery voltage.

External Air Vehicle Inspection:

• [ ] Check wings for damage.
• [ ] Inspect propellers for wear.
• [ ] Ensure all components are secure.

4. Conclusion

• Emphasize the importance of thorough inspections for safety and compliance.
• Encourage students to develop a habit of meticulous checks to prevent complacency.

5. Discussion Questions

• What challenges do you foresee in conducting thorough inspections?
• How can weather conditions impact your pre-flight preparations?